4th Amendment
1961

Mapp v. Ohio

367 U.S. 643 (1961)

The Supreme Court ruling that anchors one of the POP phrases. Plain-English summary below, with the precise phrase to invoke and when to use it.

Phrase to invoke
"I do not consent to any searches."

When to use this phrase Timing

Any time an officer asks to search, or proceeds with a search without consent — say this before they touch anything, and keep saying it. A clear refusal preserves the exclusionary remedy if the stop ends in an arrest.

The ruling in plain English

The Supreme Court held that the Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule applies to the states — evidence obtained by an unreasonable search or seizure is inadmissible in any criminal proceeding, whether state or federal. This is the case that gives "I do not consent to a search" its remedy: a successful suppression motion can take the prosecution's case off the table.

Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)

Use This Phrase During Your Stop

Open Stop Mode on your phone — pinned phrase, recording timer, and live legal context.

Open Stop Mode