The Supreme Court ruling that anchors one of the POP phrases. Plain-English summary below, with the precise phrase to invoke and when to use it.
At the point a detention narrows into what looks like a frisk. Force the officer to define the basis — if the lawful basis is only a traffic stop, the frisk itself must connect to weapons, not to rummaging.
The Supreme Court reaffirmed that a Terry frisk is limited in scope to a pat-down for weapons, justified by a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous. The frisk is not a license to manipulate or empty pockets absent that suspicion.
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